james joseph brown cause of death

He treated him accordingly. In order to get closer to the answer there would need to be an investigation as well as an autopsy of the singer’s remains — wherever they may be. Was James Brown Murdered? Was Hurst at the hospital with Brown? “He was about respect for himself and his people,” said Olivio Du Bois, great-grandnephew of W.E.B. Location of death:New York City. He was rushed to the hospital and died on Christmas day at the age of 73. Sexual orientation:Straight. “He changed too fast,” said Marvin Crawford, the doctor who treated James Brown before his death. Instruments: Everything. Image Source: James Brown Jr.’s Instagram. Inside The Final Days Of The ‘Godfather Of Soul’. From that time until her death in 1932, Margaret had no contact with her two children (but Margaret's page says they were reconciled). He also holds the record for the most singles listed on the Billboard Hot 100 chart which did not reach No. Death. His mother, Cecilia Palmer, was a schoolteacher. James Joseph Brown was born in Barnwell, South California, on the 3rd of May in the year 1933. Charles Bobbit, Brown’s manager, later noted that he had been coughing since November. James Joseph Brown's name is located at panel 55 in the Commemorative Area at the Australian War Memorial (as indicated by the poppy on the plan). Date of Death: Wednesday 16th December 2020. ↑ Larry Rohter, "Judge Rules Tommie Rae Hynie Brown Was Married to James Brown… Crawford found cocaine in Brown’s urine and diagnosed him with early congestive heart failure (not pneumonia, as was widely reported at the time). This article is about the engineer. Because I can’t say.”. $11… U.S. Army Veteran. Hurst says she could have stepped on a Diltiazem pill in Brown’s bedroom, but Crawford remembers prescribing Diltiazem to Brown at the hospital. Her son Lawrence received a $59,000 (worth $735,920 today) trust fund, and her daughter Catherine received a $59,000 trust fund. It is with heavy hearts the Brown family announces the sudden death of James Joseph Brown at his home in Port Carling, in his 67th year. This snapshot from 1985 provides merely a glimpse. Underwent surgery for prostate cancer in December 2004. Birth. He died in a car accident on 14 June 1973. He was born in a very poor family and had many family crises during his childhood. At the time of their marriage, J.J. was 31 and Margaret was 19. Two days later, at another memorial in Augusta, Georgia, Michael Jackson and Jesse Jackson spoke while ex-Temptations member Ollie Woodson performed and MC Hammer looked on from the audience. J.J's father, James Brown, was an Irish immigrant. Al Sharpton speaks as the body of James Brown rests onstage at the Apollo Theater on Dec. 28, 2006. He left home at the age of 23, lured by the riches in the West. The shoe contained traces of marijuana, cocaine, and a prescription drug called Diltiazem, which is used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain. Beloved husband and best friend of Sheila, loving father of Leo, Martin, Jeffrey and Paul, father-in-law of Aisling, Noreen, Judith and the late Pauline, loving grandfather of Eoin, Conor, Cristin,Tara, James, Ryan, Niamh, … But I knew I had to make it. Al Sharpton has admitted that he believes there may be more to the death than the official story: “I’ve always had and still have questions.”. James Brown died from congestive heart failure caused by pneumonia complications. The official cause of Brown's death at 73 was listed as a heart attack and fluid in the lungs. Date of birth: 3 May 1933 Barnwell James Joseph Brown: Date of death: 25 December 2006 Atlanta: Manner of death [2], J.J., who was the superintendent of all the Ibex properties, devised a method of using baled hay and timbers to stop cave-ins. When James Brown died on Christmas Day 2006 at age 73, officials at Atlanta's Emory University Hospital Midtown listed his cause of death as congestive heart failure related to pneumonia. James Joseph Brown. Officially, Brown died of heart failure in the early hours of Dec. 25, 2006, in the presence of only his personal manager, Charles Bobbit. Both J.J. and Margaret are buried in the Cemetery of the Holy Rood in Westbury, New York. Michael Ochs Archives/Getty ImagesBrown would famously throw his cape off after pretending to wander off stage, only to explode with energy again. He holds dual bachelor's degrees from Pace University and a master's degree from New York University. Memorial ID. He spent another two years in the Aspen and Ashcroft area before moving to Alma, Fairplay, Red Cliff, and, finally, Leadville. House and Funeral Private due to government restrictions. Gender:Male. In 1897, they built a summer mansion Avoca Lodge in Southwest Denver, near Bear Creak.[4]. Location of death:Atlanta, GA[1] Cause of death:Heart Failure. Both her mother and father had been widowed young. Marvin Crawford, the doctor who signed Brown’s death certificate in 2006, has also admitted that he was suspicious of how quickly Brown deteriorated. What went wrong in that room?'. There was no better place than Harlem’s Apollo Theater for the occasion. James Brown, the “Godfather of Soul,” was one hell of a showman. Brown, James “Jim” Joseph – age 81 of Knoxville went to be with the Lord on Monday, July 23, 2012. Brown was sent to prison at age 16 for stealing, and he spent the next three years in jail. His first stop was a farm in Nebraska. First of all, there was never an autopsy. He toured relentlessly after making hits, and became known as “The Hardest-Working Man in Show Business.”. On September 5, 1922, J.J. died after suffering a series of heart attacks at a hospital in Nassau, New York, with his daughter Catherine by his side. Crawford said, “Somebody perhaps could have given him an illicit substance that led to his death.”, Crawford said he had just treated Brown on Dec. 23 for a mild heart attack, and that “[Brown] improved fast. The crowd chanted “soul power” as the procession moved from outside into the venue. In 1909, after 23 years of marriage, J.J. and Molly signed a separation agreement and went their separate ways. Enjoy. Moreover, according to Brown’s lawyer, Buddy Dallas, the self-proclaimed s*x machine, had a vasectomy in the 80s while being sued for child support.In between two decades of vasectomy and Brown’s death, Hynie’s son, James Brown II, is the only boy to claim Brown … James Brown Dead Born: 5/3/1933 Died: 12/25/2006 Age: 73 Cause of death: heart failure Full name: James Joseph Brown Jr. James Brown’s Son, James Joseph Brown II, had a paternity test in 2007. On Dec. 23, 2006, James Brown was in bad shape. Richard E. Aaron/RedfernsBrown loved Harlem, as the community was home to his early days and breakthrough record, Live at the Apollo. Margaret was to receive $20,000 in cash and securities, and the interest on a $100,000 trust fund set up in her name. Discography. James Brown, the “Godfather of Soul,” was one hell of a showman. On September 5, 1922, J.J. died after suffering a series of heart attacks at a hospital in Nassau, New York, with his daughter Catherine by his side. It became his greatest commercial success and solidified Brown as a mainstream artist with crossover appeal. J.J's mother home-schooled him and later sent him to St. John's Academy. Date of Death: Wednesday 16th December 2020. James Brown performs at the Musikhalle in Hamburg, Germany in 1973. “I was 9 years old before I got a pair of underwear from a real store. by Traumatic Stress. Although they never reconciled, they remained connected and cared for each other throughout their lives. He studied geology, ore deposits, and mining techniques to become a better miner. “Others may have followed in my wake, but I was the one who turned racist minstrelsy into black soul — and by doing so, became a cultural force,” Brown wrote in his memoir. A death certificate is a permanent public record of the disease or injury responsible for the death (the cause of death) and the explanation of how the cause arose (the manner of death). His voice, dance moves, and attitude entranced millions throughout his life and long after his death. She also received a $700 monthly allowance (equivalent to $19,066 today) to continue her travels and philanthropic activities. Al Sharpton speaks as the body of James Brown rests onstage at the Apollo Theater on Dec. 28, 2006. But since then, investigators have suspected that he was actually murdered. At the time, a lot of those questions went to Bobbit, Brown’s personal manager, who was supposed to look after Brown while Crawford spent Christmas Eve at home. Next, check out these heartbreaking photos of Princess Diana’s funeral. Did she give him drugs? He returned, gave it to Brown, and Brown then quickly deteriorated after that. Brown continued to perform and record until his death from pneumonia in 2006. He will always be remembered as a loving husband, father, grandfather, brother and friend. “When you heard James Brown was coming to town, you stopped what you were doing and started saving your money,” said his saxophonist Pee Wee Ellis. The Godfather of Soul, James Joseph Brown, Jr., died overnight. Vicki Brown, of … 2007-CP-02-0122 (S.C. Cir. As a young black man coming of age during the Great Depression, Brown worked whatever odd jobs came his way. Seeing a James Brown concert was an event unlike any other. Occupation:Activist, Socialite. Rev. And that’s just the beginning of the litany of questions and confusion surrounding James Brown’s death. “As I always said, if people wanted to know who James Brown is, all they have to do is listen to my music.”. This is where he made his mark, and where grieving fans could now make peace with his passing. Years Active: 1950's-2006. Brown’s mother left the family during his childhood. Rev. When the Little Jonny mine opened, vast quantities of high-grade copper and gold were found. 1. But Brown’s personal demons caused him to slide into heavy drug use. Brown inset with Adrienne. James Joseph Brown(Barnwell,may 3,1933–december 25,Atlanta,2006), commonly known as "The Godfather of Soul" and "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business", was aGrammy Award-winningAmericanentertainer.Brown is considered one of the most important and controversial figures of the20th centuryand the development of soul music.He is also regarded as the co … heartbreaking photos of Princess Diana’s funeral. AKAJames Joseph Brown, Jr. Born:3-May-1933. That was how Margaret's moniker Molly was acquired. His funeral on Dec. 28 was as sorrowful and celebratory as some of Brown’s best work. He was 73 years young. “We can’t say who or what, but that was always our suspicion. The allegations -some wild and hallucinatory, some proven - provoked by the vicious feuding over his estate include embezzlement of millions of dollars by one of his … J.J. was awarded 12,500 shares or 12.5% of stock and a seat on the board. 10 Jul 1993 (aged 81) Burial. Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia, USA. Brown would famously throw his cape off after pretending to wander off stage, only to explode with energy again. His good friend, Andre White, was concerned and called his family doctor, Marvin Crawford, an attending physician at Emory Crawford Long Hospital. Bryan Bedder/Getty ImagesRev. His wife was RMS Titanic survivor Margaret “Molly” Brown. Brown was initially hospitalized with pneumonia this weekend in Atlanta, and as recently as Sunday, his agent said he would be ready to perform at a scheduled concert the following Saturday. After his death, spectacular memorial services were held at the Apollo Theater in Harlem — where he’d given some of his most iconic performances — and at the James Brown Arena in his hometown of Augusta, Georgia. Added to these, Margaret had two half-sisters: Catherine Bridget Tobin, by her father's first marriage, and Mary Ann Collins, by her mother's first marriage. Although J.J. was not born into wealth, he was ambitious, smart, and charismatic. 27 Mar 1912. Brown recorded 17 singles that reached No. Vicki grew up in Rome, GA, and lived in Alameda, California from 1984 - 2016. Some suspect that a mysterious visitor may have visited Brown in the room when he was all alone. Remains:Buried, Thomas Family Home Crypt, Beech Island, SC. He fathered at least nine children and had a series of four wives — at least three of whom he physically abused. But his death remains confounding to this day. James Brown reportedly died of heart failure in Atlanta on December 25, 2006. James Brown’s legendary 1974 concert in Kinshasa, Zaïre. Jim was born in … He died without a will, and it took 5 years of fighting between Margaret and her two children to settle the estate. J.J. was born in Waymart, Pennsylvania. J.J's family moved to Pittston, Pennsylvania shortly after his birth. R&B. It was recording Live at the Apollo in 1962 that immortalized him for good. Preceded in death by mother and father, William Jerl and Dicie Brown. In re estate of James Brown a/k/a James Joseph Brown, deceased, Case No. Boom boom boom… by 5 o’clock on the 24th, I mean, he probably could have walked out of the hospital if he had wanted. Martin Luther King 's was assassinated helped keep the city from exploding. “You had to think quick to keep up,” one of his musicians said. Brown mastered any and all cutting-edge dances, from “the camel walk” to “the popcorn,” but audiences were most amazed when he’d announce he was about to “do the James Brown.” He was such a ruthless professional that he’d actually fine his musicians if they missed a beat. Sean Connery's Cause of Death Revealed Weeks After He Dies at Age 90 Sean Connery died on Oct. 31 at age 90. Brown canceled a couple shows scheduled for the following week, but kept his New Year’s Eve show on the calendar. Special Request. Race or Ethnicity:White. The central progenitor of funk music and a major figure of 20th-century music, he is often referred to by the honorific nicknames "Godfather of Soul", "Mr. Dynamite", and "Soul Brother No. On December 23, 2006, a "weak and dazed" James Brown went to the dentist, where he fell gravely ill. Her siblings were Daniel (born 1863), William (born 1869), and Helen (born 1871). $118,000 was divided between her two children. She extracted some of Brown’s blood and gave it to White, who kept it in case it was ever needed for an investigation. By 1887 he was superintendent of the Louisville Mine, and in 1888 he was superintendent of the Henriette & Maid Consolidated Mining Company, at the time one of the most productive mines in the area. Cause of death:Cerebral Hemorrhage. More than a decade later, however, at least a dozen people — including Dr. Secondly, rumor has it that a mysterious visitor snuck into his hospital room shortly before he died. In a career that spanned six decades, Brown profoundly influenced the development of many different musical … Jim was born in Bracebridge, on August 31, 1954. Brown loved Harlem, as the community was home to his early days and breakthrough record. This snapshot from 1985 provides merely a glimpse. They first settled in Leadville, Colorado in a small, two-room log cabin, then later moved to a two bedroom house at 320 East Ninth Street. In a career that lasted over 50 years, he influenced the development of several music genres. At the time of J.J.'s death in 1922, Margaret told newspapers "I've never met a finer, bigger, more worthwhile man than J.J. Another one of his managers named Frank Copsidas said, “The story was always a little vague.” Meanwhile, Brown’s friend Fannie Brown Burford said plainly, “Knew he was lying right off.”. James Joseph "J.J." Brown (September 27, 1854 – September 5, 1922), an American mining engineer, inventor, and self-made member of fashionable "society", was born in Waymart, Pennsylvania. James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1930 – December 25, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, musician, record producer and bandleader. We wouldn’t tell him to go yet.”. Du Bois. It is with heavy hearts the Brown family announces the sudden death of James Joseph Brown at his home in Port Carling, in his 67th year. Finally, it is not publicly known where his body is today. Wikimedia CommonsJames Brown performs at the Musikhalle in Hamburg, Germany in 1973. “There are legitimate questions about James Brown’s death that can only be answered by an autopsy and a criminal investigation,” wrote CNN reporter Thomas Lake. From Nebraska he moved to the placer mines in the Dakotas. 11 Heartwarming Photos Of Koalas Returning Home After The Australian Bushfires, Lionel The Lion-Faced Man Was Billed As A Fearsome Sideshow 'Freak,' But Stephan Bibrowski Was Anything But, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. Bobbit claimed that he left Brown’s room that night to get him a dietary supplement. Rev. Brown was the group’s standout talent. Was a friend of Elvis Presley. The singer reportedly died of heart failure at around 1:45 a.m. on Christmas Day. J. Anthony Lukas 's book on Boston race relations, "Common Ground", notes that a 1968 Brown performance the day after Rev. James Joseph Brown was an American singer and songwriter who had a net worth of $100 million. He died two years later. Here are some of them. White also said that the nurse told him there was drug residue in Brown’s endotracheal tube. Nickname: The Godfather of Soul Noted For: singer; "I Got You (I Feel Good)" (1965), "Living in America" (1986). The musician’s oldest son, Teddy Brown, was born in 1954. In 1894, the Browns moved to Denver, Colorado, buying a $30,000 Victorian mansion in Denver's wealthy Capitol Hill neighborhood. In the meantime, the respect that Brown demanded in life has all but vanished in death. He spent two years learning the mining trade before moving to Colorado where he tried his luck in Georgetown, Aspen, and Ashcroft. Brown was arrested for domestic violence as recently as 2004. Due to their lavish spending, J.J. left an estate valued at only $238,000 (worth $3,635,296 today). He once walked into an insurance seminar while high on PCP while holding a shotgun and led Georgia authorities on a half-hour police chase in 1988. Remains:Buried, Cemetery of the Holy Rood, Westbury, NY. Ct., filed January 31, 2007). Leon Morris/Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesSeeing a James Brown concert was an event unlike any other. He didn’t really need to say any more.”. He already had prostate cancer and diabetes, but a lull in his touring schedule made things worse: With nothing to do, 73-year-old Brown turned to drugs. He died without a will, and it took 5 years of fighting between Margaret and her two children to settle the estate. Due to their lavish spending, J.J. left an estate valued at only $238,000 (worth $3,635,296 today). Walker Memorial Park. The official cause of death was a heart attack and fluid in the lungs, but CNN highlighted multiple reasons to question this. The cause of his death was uncertain. She served as the madam of a brothel. Style: Funk. By October 29, 1893, the Little Jonny was shipping 135 tons[citation needed] of gold ore per day. Brown was one of the first ten inductees into the Roc… He was foreman of the Louisville Mine by the time he and Margaret met. “I started shining shoes at 3 cents, then went up to 5 cents, then 6 cents. "[citation needed]. Many of Brown’s friends feel the same way. His invention paid off. Died:26-Oct-1932. Joseph Gardner “Pop” Brown. Andre White, Brown’s friend who brought him to the hospital, claimed that a nurse told him that moments before Brown died, he’d been visited by a man she didn’t recognize as part of his entourage. For other people, see, "Henry and 'Molly': Tales of the Denver Browns", "7 holiday-decorated Colorado spots worth the drive", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Joseph_Brown&oldid=1016294499, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Their first child, Lawrence Palmer Brown (August 30, 1887 – April 2, 1949), nicknamed Larry, was born in his maternal grandparents' four room cottage near the Mississippi River in, J.J. and Margaret's second child, Catherine Ellen Brown (July 22, 1889 – September 18, 1970), nicknamed Helen, was born in her parents' three bedroom house at 322 West Seventh Street in, This page was last edited on 6 April 2021, at 12:00. Brown. It was there, during a baseball match, that he met Bobby Byrd. James Joseph Brown, Jr. (May 3, 1933 – December 25, 2006) was an American recording artist and musician.One of the founding fathers of funk music and a major figure of 20th century popular music and dance, he is often referred to as "The Godfather of Soul". When James Brown died on Christmas Day 2006 at age 73, officials at Atlanta's Emory University Hospital Midtown listed his cause of death as congestive heart failure related to pneumonia. Gender:Female. Brown: James Joseph died 16th December 2020 peacefully at his home 29 Pine Valley, Rostrevor, formerly of Broughmore, Glenshesk Ballycastle. The Brown family came into great wealth when J.J's engineering efforts proved instrumental in the production of a substantial gold and copper seam at the Little Jonny mine of his employers, Ibex Mining Company. All my clothes were made from sacks and things like that. Brown’s 24-karat-gold casket was transferred from a hearse in front of Rev. Died:25-Dec-2006. His other sons are Terry Brown, Larry Brown, James Joseph Brown II (son of Tomi, born 2001), while his LaRhonda Pettit (daughter) comes from … The Ibex Company and its owners, including the Browns, became extraordinarily wealthy. He was supposed to perform for Anderson Cooper’s New Year’s Eve special on CNN. According to the New York Daily News, Bobbit reported that Brown’s final words were “I’m going away tonight,” after which he took three long breaths and passed away. Wikimedia CommonsBrown was a draw for audiences around the world well into his 60s. Several people in Brown’s orbit have always thought Bobbit was hiding something. “It fits our picture of being highly suspicious that somebody perhaps could have given him an illicit substance that led to his death,” said Crawford. Al Sharpton’s House of Justice on 145th Street in Harlem to a white carriage drawn by horses with plumes on their heads. Religion:Roman Catholic. Thirdly, a close friend of Brown’s claims to still possess a vial of the singer’s blood all these years later, hoping it’ll prove that he was drugged and killed. James Brown died 16th December 2020 peacefully at his home, 29 Pine Valley, Rostrevor, formerly of Broughmore, Glenshesk Ballycastle. Survived by wife of 52 years, Gail Monday Brown; Unofficially, though, more than a dozen people who were close to him at one point or another — including the doctor who treated him the night he died — have long suspected there was something more sinister behind his death. This is a hassle-free site -- no popups, no sound, no user IDs, no spyware, and no huge graphics. Unfortunately, he only got worse over time. Born James Joseph Brown on May 3, 1933 in Barnwell, South Carolina, Brown was born in a one-room shack in the woods. They had toured Europe that fall, but Brown hadn’t complained once about being sick. “He was a patient I would never have predicted would have coded… But he died that night, and I did raise that question: What went wrong in that room?”. Margaret was to receive $20,000 in cash and securities, and the interest on a $100,000 trust fund set up in her name. FindLaw. His body remained on ice for more than two months before he was finally laid … 1 on the Billboard R&B charts. James Joseph Brown was an American singer, songwriter, musician and recording artist. 1". The James Brown Foundation confirmed her death in … Former Members: Bootsy Collins. We don’t know. Al Sharpton and Michael Jackson speak at the funeral of James Brown. Brown was a draw for audiences around the world well into his 60s. James Joseph Brown Jr. He was renowned for his shouting vocals, feverish dancing and unique rhythmic style.James Brown's Cause of DeathJames Brown died … A staff writer for All That’s Interesting, Marco Margaritoff has also published work at outlets including People, VICE, and Complex, covering everything from film to finance to technology. That blood still apparently remains to be tested, but Lake’s investigation did reveal a cocktail of drugs on the bottom of a shoe belonging to Brown’s hairdresser, Candice Hurst, with whom he was having an affair the week before he died. I never did get to the dime,” Brown later recalled. His wife was RMS Titanic survivor Molly Brown. Soul. James Brown Dies On Christmas. James Brown … Continue reading "James Brown… Brown died of congestive heart failure in December 2006. At age 18, Margaret relocated t… Margaret Brown was one of the survivors of the RMS Titanic sinking in 1912. He quickly rose through the mining ranks to shift-boss and timberman. Cause of Death: Pneumonia. But we wouldn’t let him go. White and Brown walked into the hospital that day through a back door. James Joseph "J.J." Brown (September 27, 1854 – September 5, 1922), was an American mining engineer, inventor, and self-made member of fashionable "society". Retrieved March 21, 2007. Retired from the Armstrong Company. [1] His father, James Brown, was an Irish immigrant. James Tyler Brown Death – Dead, Obituary, Funeral, Cause Of Death, Passed Away: On May 4th, 2021, InsideEko Media learned about the death of James Brown through social media publication made on Twitter. Birthplace:Barnwell, SC. Spent two years in prison for weapons … Member of Riverview Baptist Church. ... Born James Joseph Brown on May 3rd, 1933 in Barnwell, South Carolina, Brown got his start in showbiz after a rocky upbringing. He was 73 years old, he had abused cocaine and PCP for most of his life, and his heart finally gave out as a result. I had to say it quietly… but I wouldn’t say it no more. J.J. married Margaret Tobin on September 1, 1886, in Leadville's Annunciation Church. [3] The grade of gold was so pure and the vein so wide that it was heralded as the world's richest gold strike. Roll of Honour circular For the First World War the circulars were forms sent to next of kin seeking details regarding the deceased. I had the determination to go on, and my determination was to be somebody.”. When his parents separated, Brown was sent to live with his Aunt Honey in Augusta, Georgia. Of Brown’s 1968 song “Say It Loud (I’m Black and I’m Proud)”: “That was it right there. Margaret was later known as The Unsinkable Molly Brown when a Broadway fictionalized movie about her life titled, The Unsinkable Molly Brown was released in 1964. The two singers became fast friends, and in 1953 they formed a musical group called The Famous Flames. After learning about the death of James Brown, read about the mysterious death of Marilyn Monroe. Born Margaret Tobin in Hannibal, Missouri, her parents were Irish Roman Catholic immigrants John Tobin (1820–1899) and Johanna Collins (1825–1905). The agreement gave Margaret a cash settlement and possession of the Victorian mansion on Pennsylvania Street in Denver's Wealthy Capital Hill neighborhood, and also the summer mansion Avoca Lodge in Southwest Denver, near Bear Creak. He is the originator of funk music and is a major figure of 20th century popular music and dance. Dr Marvin Crawford said: 'He changed too fast. James Brown. James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933 – December 25, 2006), commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" and "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business," was an American entertainer recognized as one of the most influential figures in 20th century popular music.

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